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Geastrum welwitschii
''Geastrum welwitschii'' is a species of fungus in the earthstar family. When young and unopened, the fruit bodies resemble small spheres lying in the soil. As the mushroom matures, the thick leathery outer layer of tissue (the peridium) splits star-like to form a number of fleshy arms, which curve downward to reveal the inner spore sac that contains the fertile tissue known as the gleba. The spore sac has a narrow grooved opening at the top where the spores are released. Fully expanded, the fruit bodies are up to wide and tall. First collected from Spain in the mid-19th century, the fungus is distributed in Europe, North America, and Bermuda.
==Taxonomy==
The fungus was first collected in Spain by the Austrian explorer and botanist Friedrich Welwitsch.〔 British mycologist Miles Joseph Berkeley obtained the specimens and thought them to be ''Geastrum fimbriatum''. He sent a specimen to the French mycologist Camille Montagne in 1856, who named it ''Geaster Welwitschii'' (''Geaster'' is an orthographical variant of ''Geastrum'').〔〔 Patricio Ponce de León in his 1968 world monograph of ''Geastrum'', considered the species a fornicate variety of ''G. javanicum'', and described it as ''Geastrum javanicum'' var. ''welwitschii'';〔 this is now a synonym.〔
According to Stanek's infrageneric (ranks below the level of genus) concept of the genus ''Geastrum'', ''G. welwitschii'' is classified in the section ''Basimyceliata'', which includes species in which the outer part of the mycelial layer do not incorporate sand and encrusting debris. It is further classified in the subsection ''Laevistomata'' because its peristome (an opening at the top of the spore sac) is even to fibrillose (with fibrils).〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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